<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">San Segundo, Ruben</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roberto Barra-Chicote</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ricardo Cordoba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Fernando D'Haro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernando Fernandez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier Ferreiros</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juan Manuel Lucas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Javier Macias-Guarasa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juan Manuel Montero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jose Manuel Pardo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Speech To Sign Language Translation System For Spanish</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Speech Communication</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sign animation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spanish Sign Language (LSE)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spoken language translation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">02/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6V1C-4RT4XPY-1&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=e9da02a1c10a15a365c3f5e9214d66f1</style></url></web-urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://geintra-uah.org/en/system/files/paperInPressSignos-specom.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1009-1020</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;This paper describes the development of and the first experiments in a Spanish to sign language translation system in a real domain.&lt;br /&gt;
The developed system focuses on the sentences spoken by an official when assisting people applying for, or renewing their Identity Card.&lt;br /&gt;
The system translates official explanations into Spanish Sign Language (LSE: Lengua de Signos Espan&amp;tilde;ola) for Deaf people. The translation&lt;br /&gt;
system is made up of a speech recognizer (for decoding the spoken utterance into a word sequence), a natural language translator&lt;br /&gt;
(for converting a word sequence into a sequence of signs belonging to the sign language), and a 3D avatar animation module (for playing&lt;br /&gt;
back the hand movements). Two proposals for natural language translation have been evaluated: a rule-based translation module (that&lt;br /&gt;
computes sign confidence measures from the word confidence measures obtained in the speech recognition module) and a statistical&lt;br /&gt;
translation module (in this case, parallel corpora were used for training the statistical model). The best configuration reported 31.6%&lt;br /&gt;
SER (Sign Error Rate) and 0.5780 BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy). The paper also describes the eSIGN 3D avatar animation&lt;br /&gt;
module (considering the sign confidence), and the limitations found when implementing a strategy for reducing the delay between the&lt;br /&gt;
spoken utterance and the sign sequence animation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-12</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1.229</style></accession-num><call-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACOUSTICS</style></call-num></record></records></xml>